An IR sensor is a device which identifies the presence of IR radiation falling on it. Depending on the application, there are numerous types of IR sensors. Presented here is robot controlled using infrared (IR) sensors and wireless radio frequency (RF) communication and the controller used is ATmega8. In this project we are using four pairs of IR sensor modules i.e IR LED and photodiode to control forward, backward, left and right movements of the robot.
Transmitter module:
The principle behind working of IR sensor module is the transmission of IR rays by IR LED. The photodiode receives the reflected IR ray from the object that turns on the circuit. The remaining three IR modules operate similarly. The output of these IR sensors is given as input to four channels of ADC of ATmega8. A specific IR module will be activated when you place your hands near it and then it will send signal to controller. HT12E encoder is used in which the signal received is first encoded and transmitted through RF link module. The information is transmitted to the receiver module via RF link.
Receiver module:
At the receiver end, these transmitted signals are received through an RF receiver module and decoded via HT12D decoder. These signals are then transferred to Atmega8 microcontroller on the receiving end to drive the robot.
ATmega8:
The ATmega8 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture with 8KB of In-System programmable flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 1KB of SRAM, 512 bytes of EEPROM, 3 timer/counters with compare modes, and a 6 or 8 channel 10-bit A/D converter.
Software:
The IDE used for programming is AVR Studio 6. For testing the code on virtual environment we will use Proteus. The coding is done using Embedded C language.
Transmitter module:
The principle behind working of IR sensor module is the transmission of IR rays by IR LED. The photodiode receives the reflected IR ray from the object that turns on the circuit. The remaining three IR modules operate similarly. The output of these IR sensors is given as input to four channels of ADC of ATmega8. A specific IR module will be activated when you place your hands near it and then it will send signal to controller. HT12E encoder is used in which the signal received is first encoded and transmitted through RF link module. The information is transmitted to the receiver module via RF link.
Receiver module:
At the receiver end, these transmitted signals are received through an RF receiver module and decoded via HT12D decoder. These signals are then transferred to Atmega8 microcontroller on the receiving end to drive the robot.
ATmega8:
The ATmega8 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture with 8KB of In-System programmable flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 1KB of SRAM, 512 bytes of EEPROM, 3 timer/counters with compare modes, and a 6 or 8 channel 10-bit A/D converter.
Software:
The IDE used for programming is AVR Studio 6. For testing the code on virtual environment we will use Proteus. The coding is done using Embedded C language.
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